Pigments

DPP Pigments

Color: Mulri
Packaging Type: Bag
Usage: Commercial
Brand: Kolorjet
Grade: Technical
Type: Pigments

Invented in the early age 1980's, these DPP pigments are small but considered as very important group of synthetic pigments. The intense Light fastness property was gradually developed in these pigments synthetically. The types of currently present DPP Pigments are:

Scarlet category
Red category
Carmine category
Shade Orange category

Hybrid pigments are also a type of DPP Pigments. These pigments are produced by crystallizing Pyrroles with Quinacridones.

Structure of DPP PigmentsPyrroles have also been crystallized with quinacridones to produce hybrid pigments (PR N/A). The differences in colors in different kinds of DPP Pigments are due to the differences in the atom hanging symmetrically on the both hands of the molecules.

Properties of DPP PigmentsColoristic Properties
There is a wide range of color shade and opacity available due to DPP pigments. These pigments are extremely pure and have a nice shade. The color strength of these pigments are also very good.

Resistance properties
These DPP Pigments show very high resistance against light, heat and any type of change in position of atoms within a molecule of these pigments fastness. These pigments have also excellent resistant power against weather. Apart from this, these are very much heat stable and have high color strength and saturation.

Application of DPP PigmentsDPP Pigments produce large range of colors that are widely used in various applications. These large range of colors are possible due to the simple selection of different constituents on the phenyl rings. These pigments can be converted into soluble form through derivatisation methods. Thus, these pigments can be applied in the soluble form. Then, the derivatizing group is removed from the soluble form of these pigments. After removing the derivatizing group from the solution, the desired pigments are left there. This method increases the applicability of these DPP Pigments. DPP Pigments are high performance pigments and are mostly used for highest quality automotive coating.

Gen Next Developments:-

A Multilayer CLC system
Doping of the CLC pigment
Very High process speeds of 100 ft/min
Smart Pigments that has controlled shape
Ultrathin CLC pigments

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Phthalocyanine Pigments

Phthalocyanine Pigment is used in inks, coatings, and many plastics. The pigment is insoluble and has no tendency to migrate in the material. It is a standard pigment used in printing ink and the packaging industry.

Copper Phthalocyanine Pigment is essentially a copper (II) complex of the tetra aza tetra benzoporphine (CPC). The chlorinated derivative of Copper Phthalocyanine Pigment is Phthalocyanine green (Pigment green 7) and its brominated derivative is Pigment green 36 that comes with a shade that is yellowish green.

An important pigment from the family of Copper phthalocyanine is the C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3. The production steps of which is given here.

Features of Copper Phthalocyanine Pigments

Some of the striking features which makes it a very useful for a variety of applications are the following:

Tinting strength
Covering power
Light fastness
Good stability
Resistance to the effects of alkalies and acids

Application of Phthalocyanine Pigment

A major and very useful application of these pigments lies in the manufacturing of cyan printing inks that is used in printing of papers and also in packaging materials.
The Family of Copper Phthalocyanine Pigments

Color Index Name	Color Index	CAS NO	Chemical Family
Pigment Blue 15	74160	147-14-8	Copper Phthalocyanine Blue Alpha Form
Pigment Blue 15:1	74160	147-14-8	Copper Phthalocyanine Blue Alpha Form (Stable in Solvent)
Pigment Blue 7	74260	1328-53-6	Copper Phthalocyanine (Chlorinated form)
Pigment Blue 36	742650	68425-85-4	Copper Phthalocyanine (Colour-Brominated Green)

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Organic vs Inorganic Pigments

Color: Multi
Packaging Type: Bag
Form: Powder
Type: Pigments
Grade Standard: Technical
Brand: Kolorjet

The difference between Organic Pigments and Inorganic Pigments are based upon three principle factors. These three principle factors are given as follows:

Molecular structure of the pigments

In the molecules of the Inorganic Pigments, the cations of metal are found in an array form with the non-metallic anions. This arrangement doesn't allow these pigments to dissolve in the solvent and plastic. Examples: Iron oxide yellow, black, red and tan pigments.

In the molecules of the Organic Pigments, carbon chains or carbon rings are always present. As carbon element is associated with nitrogen and sulphur elements of the same class of the atomic table, so, sometimes in the molecules of the organic pigments, the atoms of nitrogen and sulphur atoms are also found along with the carbon atoms. Examples: Azo, pythalocyanine, diazo and anthraquinone pigments.

Source from where they are derived

The main source of organic pigments are plants and plant products whereas inorganic pigments are manufactured from topical cosmetic and also from dirt.

The differences between Organic and Inorganic pigments

Particulars	Inorganic Pigments	Organic Pigments
Source	Minerals	Chemically refined oil
Color	Often dull	Bright
Dyeing / Coloring Strength	Low	High
Opacity	Opaque	Transparent
Light fastness	Very good	Vary from poor to good
Solubility	Insoluble in solvents	Have have little degree of solubility
Degree of safety	May be unsafe	Usually safe
Chemical Stability	Often sensitive	Usually good
Cost	Moderate	Mostly too expensive

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Pigment Intermediates

Brand: Kolorjet
Color: Multi
Packaging Type: Bag
Usage: Commercial
Form: Powder
Grade: Technical

Pigment intermediates find a vast application in the color-producing industries, like textiles, inks, paper, and coatings and a host of others.

Pigment Intermediates are complex chemicals that are designed to add special properties, when small quantities of such are included while formulating specific products.

Some of the common types of Pigment Intermediates and their properties are given here

2-Naphthol

Appearance: Grey white slice or even powder.
Primary melting point: Around 120 degree C for the first grade, 119.5 degree C for second grade.
Purity %: 99.1% for the first grade, and around 98.6% for the second grade.
1-Naphthol content %: 0.20 for the first grade, while 0.30 for second grade.
Uses: In making phenol AS. Also in medicine and organic pigments.

Phenol AS

Purity: Min of 97.5%
Appearance: Cream or a slightly red powder
Primary melting point (of dried product): min. 246 degree C
Strength: (+) 3% to standard
Matter insoluble in dye: Maximum of 0.4%

Uses: Phenol AS is used as color base for dyestuff, giving color to cotton and viscose fibre, preparing fast pigment dyestuff and also organic dyestuff.

Tobias Acid
Physical properties of Tobias acid

Slight solubility in cold water
White crystallization
Soluble in hot water
but sparsely soluble in ethanol and ether.
Matter insoluble in dye: Maximum of 0.4%

Uses: Primary use as azo dyestuff and as azo pigment intermediates.

Intermediate for Pigment Red 185
Specifications:

Amino value: minimum 98.5%
Purity(hplc): 99% minimum
Insoluble: 0.1% max

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Fluorescent Pigments

Color: Multi
Packaging Type: Bag
Form: Powder
Grade: Technical
Brand: Kolorjet

Fluorescent Pigments are the foundation blocks of all kind of fluorescent materials. For Fluorescence Pigments the rules are the same as they are for Phosphorescent Pigments. To make any fluorescence material, just we have to add the pigments of the fluorescence pigments. The intensity of the luminescence will increase along with the improvised quantity of fluorescent pigments. But there is a limit and this limit is up to the saturation point.

Application of Fluorescent PigmentsThese pigments can be utilize in mild solvent systems as well as in water based system. The following fields in which these pigments are used are given below:

Solvent based paper coating field
Solvent based silk screen ink
Paints and aerosol coating
Crying manufacturing
Textile field
Water base paper coating

Characteristics of fluorescent pigmentsFluorescent pigments have the capability to change the ultraviolet light into colors. Due to this feature, very standard quality of color shades are received. There is a close relationship between these fluorescence pigments and the optical brighteners. By changing the composition of the coating of the fluorescent pigments, the expected application can be determined along with their suitability. That is why, within one outlet, these pigments particulate many colorants.

Advantage of fluorescent pigmentsFluorescence pigments have the spell-bounding appeal of the colorant effect.

Disadvantage of fluorescent pigmentsThese pigments have poor light fastness property. These pigments are broken down in the sunlight which causes the consequent effect of losing the color, brightness and the strength.

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Ribament Green P-777

Colour Index Name	Pigment Green 7
Colour Index No.	74260
CAS NO	1328-53-6
Chemical Family	Copper Phthalocyanine (Chlorinated)

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Red BR

Form: Powder
Grade: Technical
Brand: Kolorjet
Pack Type: Bag
CI: 73900
Color: Red

Colour Index Name Pigment Violet 19 Colour Index No. CI 73900 CAS NO. 1047-16-1 Chemical Family Quinacridone.

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Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments

Color: Multi
Usage: Commercial
Packaging Type: Bag
Brand: Kolorjet
Form: Powder
Grade: Technical

The Mixed metal oxide pigments gives high performance when it comes to their application as colorants. The generic name that is given to the class of pigments called mixed metal oxide pigments best describes the cobalt based pigments.

Constant researches has led to the development of new cobalt blue and blue-green pigments. They are often termed as the second generation pigments. Features like enhanced UV absorption and durability. Pigments like Cobalt chrome aluminate blue-green pigments show very good absorption rates. They transmit even less than 0.1% light in the Ultra violet region. These mixed metal oxide pigments (second generation pigments) owe their excellent absorptive properties to a fine particle size distribution. This excellent property is shown in the form of a graph.

Striking Features

Very good compatibility with most of the resin systems.

Excellent thermal and chemical stability.

Ability to withstand high temperatures. As these pigments get produced as a result of solid-state reaction of salts or metal oxides at high temperatures. They show the unique ability to undergo extreme temperatures encountered during phases of processing or application.

Increased Tinctorial strength.

Competitive pricing.

Application of these pigments along with organics displays improved light-fastness property compared.

Mixed metal oxide pigments assumes the role of UV opacifiers, that can efficiently scatter away UV and visible light from the coating's surface.

Application of Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments

Mixed metal oxide pigments have a diverse range of applications.Mixed metal oxide pigments have a diverse range of applications.

To color vinyl siding

Window profiles

Garden tools

Automotive components

Appliance housings

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Natural Iron Oxide Pigments

Packaging Type: Bag
Grade Standard: Technical Grade
Physical State: Powder
Usage: Industrial
Brand: Kolorjet
Color: Multi

Natural Iron Oxide Pigment is formed from one or more ferrous or ferric oxide and many other impurities such as clay, manganese or organics. The most important source of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments is Hematite, which is a oxide of iron having red color. The color of hematite varies from yellow to brown, such as siennas, umbers and ochers. But, these pigments can also be derived from another iron ore, i.e. Magnetite having a black color. The main characteristics of natural iron oxide pigments are: these are light fast, non bleeding, nontoxic and weather resistant.

Uses of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments

Natural Iron Oxide Pigments have various unique properties so these pigments are used for various purposes that include: coloring of concrete block, outdoor paintings and in other construction materials. The maximum mining and procession of natural iron oxide is done in USA. Pigments are used in paints, wood and paper stains, linoleum, oilcloth, mortar, plaster, rubber, brick, and other pigmented materials.

Estimated World Production of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments (Metric tons)

The leading producer countries of these pigments are: India, Cyprus, Iran, France, Italy and Australia.

Country	Yr.2001	Yr.2002	Yr.2003	Yr.2004	Yr.2005
Austria	5,000	5,000	5,000	4,000	4,000
Brazil	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000
Cyprus	7,800	8,200	11,900	12,000	12,000
France	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000
Germany	400	419	429	400	400
Honduras	70941	719000	71000	71000	71000
India	35500	36000	36500	36000	36000
Italy	1000	2300	2300	2500	2500
Pakistan	500	500	500	500	500
Paraguay	300	300	250	250	250
South Africa	852	252	512	512	555
United States	61500	W	W	W	W

Source: United States Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program

Sources of Natural Iron Oxide Pigments

Magnetite- Fe₃O₄ (brown to black)
Goethite- FeOOH.xH₂O (yellow)
Hematite- Fe₂O₃ (red)
Lepidocrocite- FeOOH.xH₂O (yellow)

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Pearlescent Pigments

Brand: Kolorjet
Color: Multi
Packaging Type: Bag
Form: Powder
Grade: Technical
Application: Commercial

Pearlescent pigments are special kind of pigments and belong to the same group of fluorescent and phosphorescent pigments. These pigments are also known as Pearl Pigments. The name Pearl has given to these pigments because they possess pearl like shine, when these pigments are covered with any metallic oxide out of mica slice. These pigments have high transparent appearance, more smoother plane and higher refractive co-efficient than other common pigments. These pigments simply look like flat powder.

Pearlescent pigments create unique characteristics for superior products. By driving aesthetic demand trends and creating a radiant visual impact for products, special effect pigments enhance and differentiate the products.

Characteristics of Pearlescent Pigments

Bad conductor of electricity.
Have high alkali resistance capacity.
Have high acid resistance capacity.
Can bear temperature up to 800 degree C.
No spontaneous combustion nor support the combustion.
Have good light stability.
Not harmful for human beings as these are used to pack materials of food.
Some products of these pigments can have the ability to resist the ultra-violet radiation.

Shinning intensity of Pearlescent Pigments

To Produce pearl like shine in these pigments Multiple Reflection process is used. Based on this method, Pearlescent pigments are mixed with greater transparent materials. Sometimes, to get suitable light in the materials, these pigments are mixed with transparent pigment or dye. Pearlescent pigments should not be mixed with opaque objects or with such pigments those have better coverage, because these pigments will affect the pearl shine. By adding few carbon black powder (say 0.01%), the shinning effect of these pigments can be increased.

Application of Pearlescent Pigments

The chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of pearlescent pigments make it an excellent pigment and today, pearlescent pigments have universal applications.

The products get a new color quality through these pigments.
These pigments are completely safe for eatable purpose, hence, these are used for food packing purpose.
In toy industries also, these pigments are used.
In manufacturing of transparent as well as semi-transparent plastic products, these pigments are used.
The Pearlescent pigments are also used in coating industries in a large extent. Any kind of monochromatic coating mixing is used with these pigments and pearl light coating is produced.
These pigments are also used in printing industry. Printing-ink having of different color and luster are manufactured with these pigments.
These pigments are insoluble in water and commonly don't contain any heavy metals. Therefore, these are considered as environment friendly.

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Phosphorescent Pigments

Color: Multi
Usage: Commercial
Packaging Type: Bag
Brand: Kolorjet
Form: Powder
Grade: Technical

Phosphorescent Pigment has an unique property. Due to this property these pigments can glow even in the dark. Therefore, these pigments are also called as "glow in dark" class pigments.

Common pigments used in phosphorescent pigments include very smooth crystal particles of zinc sulfide and strontium aluminate. To stimulate the zinc sulphide crystal, some quantity of copper is added with it. As a result, the pigments of Phosphorescent will give the attribute to absorb light and emit this absorbed light for a longer period of time. The emitting process of absorbed light is called as Phosphorescence.

Phosphorescent Intensity

Phosphorescence is a specific type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. The emitting brightness or phosphorescence of the Phosphorescent Pigments will remain visible upto few hours in the darkness. The time period can be extended from 2 to 4 hours and it depends upon the types of the pigments and intensity of the trapped energy. The other factors upon which the visibility period will depend are:

Capacity of our eyes for light adaptation
Surrounding and distance from the phosphorescence
Surrounding light
Types of pigments
Size of the pigments

How to apply Phosphorescent Pigments

These pigments are mix with water based products in such a quantity, so that it can fully be used at that time because, these pigments dry up very quickly when these are mixed with water based products. Users should use a matter medium in order to not call attention instead of using any flat medium. Instead of using the present surface on which he/she is working, any acrylic glazing medium can be chosen. The extraordinary feature of these Phosphorescent pigments is that these can bring glows in the color palette in the dark.

Example: For an image having approximate dimension of 12" each and two glazed spoons into a plastic container.
Put a teaspoon of pigments on a plastic lid or paper lid. First, immerse the brush into the glaze and then dip into the pigments. The mixture of the pigments and glaze can be used on the stencil if the user have a stencil. For mixing the mixture on the stencil, user should follow the circular motion. Instead of offloading, user should apply the circular motion to offloading the pigments on to the stencil image. Until the whole image is not being covered, use this method repeatedly. The definition of the image will be obtained from the stencil pencil. With many applications, the user will need to build up the pigments.

If the user doesn't have any stencil then he/she can use a brush size. The brush size should be according to the image that has to be developed. The desired glow giving effect of the glow image either will be reduced or eliminated by the painted details. The user must abide the instructions while working with these pigments. He/she should avoid from any direct touch with skin or from inhaling the pigment powder. By using any clear acrylic product, the entire image can be sealed if it is required acrylic product will not damage the the glow.

Application methods of phosphorescent Pigments

Inks
Phosphorescent pigments have a special binding medium. Therefore, these pigments are mixed together with inks to made phosphorescent inks. For phosphorescent printing, the printing that is available is only silk screen printings.

Plastic Resins
Only transparent or translucent resins are suitable for the use phosphorescent pigments.

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Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments

Packaging Type: Bag
Grade Standard: Technical Grade
Physical State: Powder
Usage: Laboratory
Brand: Kolorjet
Type: Pigments

Synthetic Red Iron Oxide Pigments were first made in a Laboratory setting by the 18th century. This pigments were given the name Mars Red. These pigments contained all the properties of their counterparts, i.e. Natural Iron Oxide Pigments. Form 19th century, the manufacturing of these synthetic iron oxide pigments started on regular basic. Gradually, the improvements have been taken place with every production process because these pigments have properties like durability, permanence etc. In the early 1920, the yellow synthetic iron oxide pigments (Mars Yellow) were produced for the first time. Vital improvement processes have been taking place along with its production and still improvement processes are continued. By modifying the manufacturing processes of Mars Red and Mars Yellow, the manufacturing process of Brown Iron Oxide Pigments also has been evolved.

Methods of preparation of Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments

There are various process of manufacturing synthetic iron oxide pigments are calcining, precipitation, reduction thermal decomposition of iron compounds.

The common colors of these pigments are orange, red brown and yellow. Basic chemicals are used for manufacturing of synthetic iron oxide pigments. To produce synthetic iron oxide pigments, iron salts or iron compounds are decomposed. By precipitating of iron salts and reducing the organic compounds by iron, pigments of synthetic iron oxide can be prepared.

Uses of Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments

These pigments find usage in many industries like: wood and paper stains, linoleum, oilcloth, paints, mortar, plaster, bricks, rubber and for other pigment able substances. The range of applications of synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments is longer than the Natural Iron Oxide Pigments. But in few specific cases, the uses of Natural Iron Oxide pigments can not be substituted by the Synthetic iron Oxide Pigments.

Synthetic Vs Natural Iron Oxide Pigments

These days, there is a large variety of Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments available in the market. These synthetic pigments are found in different colors, having superior uniformity, excellent quality and high purity. But, the Natural Iron Oxide Dyes are most preferred because of their ample availability and low cost of extraction.

The main difference between Synthetic and Natural Iron Oxide pigments is based on their purity. The Natural Iron Oxide Pigments contain contaminants that reduce the working efficiency of these pigments.

These contaminants can be divided into two types. One having of coloring property and second type of contaminant behave as extender. These contaminants with coloring property are often magnetite, MnO etc. while the non-coloring contaminants are often derived from the Natural pigments. These non-coloring contaminants are used in the industry as fillers, including talc, calcium carbonates and clays.

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Titanium Dioxide

Form: Powder
Brand: Kolorjet
Production: Synthetic
Purity: 99.9%
Usage/Application: Pigment
Grade: Technical

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium (IV) oxide or Titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white.

Physically Titanium Dioxide Pigments are found in white powder form. High obscurity is present in these pigment powder. These pigment powders have very good whiteness, very high covering capacity, and good retardation capacity. And, due to these properties, the titanium dioxide pigments have a wide range of application and are considered valuable. These pigments are used in manufacturing of ink, plastic goods, paper, paints etc.

Common physical and mechanical properties of Titania (sintered titanium)

Property	Values
Compressive Strength	680 MPa
Modulus of Rupture	140 MPa
Poisson's Ratio	0.27
Dielectric Constant (1 MHz)	85
Shear Modulus	90 GPa
Micro Hardness(HVO .5)	880
Dissipation Factor (1 M Hz)	5*/10 to the power 4
Resistivity (25 degree C)	10 to the power 12 ohm.cm
Resistivity (700 degree C)	2.5*10 to the power 4 ohm.cm
Dielectric Strength	4 KV/mm
Thermal expansion(RT-1000 degree C)	9*/10 to the power 6
Thermal Conductivity(25 degree C)	11.7 W/mk
Modulus of Electricity	230 GPa
Porosity	0%
Density	4 gm/meter cube

Applications of Titanium Dioxide

It is used for a number of electrical applications.
Titania is widely used as a pigment. As a pigment, it is used in powder form to exploit its optical properties.

Sintered titanium has relatively poor mechanical properties, so its applications are constrained.

Use of Titanium Dioxide as a pigment

The most common form of titanium dioxide as pigment substance is its powder form. As a pigment, it provides whiteness and opacity to paints and coatings, plastics, paper, inks, food, cosmetic and fibers.

The most common form of titanium dioxide as a pigment is white pigment. This is because, it is very white and very high refractive index.

The bright whiteness and high refractive index of titanium dioxide make it to become as an effective opacifier for pigments. It is also used as an opacifier in cosmetics, sunscreen, paper, paints etc.

Formation processes of Titanium Dioxide Pigments

These pigments are derived by processing the naturally occurring rutiles or ilmenite minerals. Both, the rutiles and ilmenite are the ores of titanium dioxide.

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Quinacridone Pigments

It is an important class of organic pigments. Its linear form is particularly important for exploiting it commercially. Quinacridone pigments are very novel pigments that have many diverse applications. Quinacridone pigments generally produce seven types of bright and intense colors. These colors range from deep yellow to even vibrant violet. The following is the chemical structure of Quinacridone pigment:

Features of Quinacridone Pigments

Excellent bleed and heat resistance
Bright and vibrant tones
Outstanding light fastness
High transparencies
Very good tinting value along with working properties

Application of Quinacridone Pigments

Quinacridone Pigments are widely used in ink industries, coatings, plastics, textiles to even in paintings.

The family of Quinacridone Pigments

Color Index Name	Color Index No.	CAS NO	Chemical Family
Pigment Red 122	CI 73915	980-26-7	2,9 Dimethyl Quinacridone
Pigment Violet 19	CI 73900	1047-16-1	Quinacridone
Pigment Red 202	CI 73907	3089-17-6	2,9 Dichloroquinacridone
Pigment Red 209	CI 73905	3089-17-6	1,8 Chloro quinacridone

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Ribament Blue AGX

Ribament Alfa Blue-G

Ribament Blue AQX

Ribament Green IP

Pink Pigment

DPP Pigments

Phthalocyanine Pigments

Organic vs Inorganic Pigments

Pigment Intermediates

Fluorescent Pigments

Ribament Green P-777

Red BR

Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments

Natural Iron Oxide Pigments

Pearlescent Pigments

Phosphorescent Pigments

Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigments

Titanium Dioxide

Quinacridone Pigments

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